You can use PPUPDATE to show the current domain joined status.

Here’s an example of PPUPDATE command showing a correctly joined on-prem Active Directory joined machine:

When Not domain joined:

When the secure channel has been broken and need to be re-established:

Remediation for a broken secure channel / non-domain joined machine

Overview from Microsoft: https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/topic/resetting-computer-accounts-in-windows-762e3208-0e05-1696-75fa-333d90717d1e

To attempt to reset the secure channel on a specific PC.. make sure you have network connectivity to a Domain Controller.

1. Open PowerShell As Administrator

   Test-ComputerSecureChannel -Verbose

   If False then run:

   Test-ComputerSecureChannel -Repair -Server PDCEmulatorName -Verbose

   If repaired you will see message, if it fails then try adding a credential

   Test-ComputerSecureChannel -Repair -Server PDCEmulatorName -Credential Domain\UserName -Verbose

   Alternate steps: https://mcpmag.com/articles/2015/03/05/rejoin-a-computer-from-a-domain.aspx